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Reprinted from:
Honar Nameh
University of Art, Tehran
No. 1, 1997
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Some
Features of Iranian Music
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Art:
Music
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One of the earliest
Islamic era texts of Iran, that of "Ikhvalol Safa"
(Brethren of Purity, 11th century) makes references to
early Iranian music. In the view of the members of
this group of scholars, music was considered an art,
whose essence is spiritual in nature. The treatise
also makes references, after Pythagoras, to the
numerical order in the universe and in music.
Iranian are one of the first people to possess music,
as indicated in a seal, dating from the third
millennium BC. Major portions of Zoroastrian Avesta
consist of poetry that was meant to be sung and
accompanied by music.
Iranian musicians developed many musical instruments,
such as Barbat (Tambour), Nei (Reed Flute) and Chang
(Harp). Many Indian instruments also bear Persian
names as Vina, Sitar, Rabab, Yek-tar, Tamburi, Kinnari,
Tablah, Nagara, Dhol...
Musical intervals were major concern of the early
musicians, and Iranian music characteristically
contained quarter tones. Early Muslim musicians
received these concepts through translation of Greek
and Syrian texts, but soon made their ownoriginal
contributions.
Of the two principal modes in western music, namely
physical or natural (i.e. harmonic) and diatonic, the
former originated with Aristonexens, later developed
by Ptolmei and still later by Al-Farabi, and it was
designated as the preferred mode by Zarlino, and it
remains the basic of Iranian music of today.
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