These jewels were decorations for rulers, during the past eras, and often showed the glory and extravagance of their courts, as well as their power and wealth.
There is no information about the quality and quantity of the treasuries before Safavid period. It can be said that recorded history of Treasury of Jewels began with Safavid Monarchs. In short, history of the amassment of the present collection is as follows:

Before Safavid dynasty, certain jewels existed in government treasuries, but it was with Safavid dynasty that foreign travelers ( Jean-Baptist Tavernier, Chevalier Chardin, Shirley brothers, George Mainwaring and others) began to mention these treasuries. Safavid Monarchs, over two centuries ( 1502 to 1735 AD), started to collect rare and beautiful gems. Gem specialists of Safavid Court brought fine stones to Isfahan, capital of Iran at that time, from the markets of India, Ottoman Empire and European countries like France and Italy.

After the rule of Shah Soltan Hossein and entry of Mahmoud, the Afghan, to Iran, treasury was scattered, and some of the jewels were taken by Mahmoud, the Afghan, and transferred to Ashraf, the Afghan. After entry of Shah Tahmaseb 2 and Nadir to Isfahan, these Jewels fell in to the hands of Nadir, and thus were preserved inside the country. Later, in order to regain the jewels that have been transported to India, Nadir wrote several letters to the Indian Court, but did not receive any favorable reply.

After Nadir's victory in India in 1745 AD, Mohammad Shah delivered cash amounts, Jewels and weapons to Nadir as booty. Part of treasures which were obtained in India never reached Iran, and were lost during transportation.
According to traditions of that time, After returning to Iran, Nadir sent part of the booty as gifts to neighboring rulers. He also presented some beautiful and rare objects to Holy Shrine of Imam Reza, while some were distributed among soldiers of his army.

After assassination of Nadir in 1747 AD, Ahmad Beg Afghan Abdali, one of his commanders, looted the treasury of Nadir. One of the famous Jewels that let Iran at this time and never returned, was the famous " Kouh-e-Nur " (mountain of light) diamond. This diamond passed on to the hands of Ahmed Shah Durrani and then to Ranjit Singh of Punjab. After his defeat by the British Government, "Kouh-e-Nur" diamond fell in to the hands of East India Company, and in 1850 AD it was given to Queen Victoria as a gift.

Then, there was no major change in Treasury. During Qajar period, Treasury was collected and recorded and some of the stones were mounted on Kiani crown, the Nadir Throne, the globe of jewels, and the peacock Throne (or the sun Throne).
Two other items that were gradually added to this Treasury, are turquoises, the genuine precious stone of Iran, extracted from the local turquoise mines, and the other are pearls, hunted from the Persian Gulf.

Present collection was constructed in 1955 AD. In 1960 AD by the establishment of Bank Markazi Iran, Treasury was transferred and deposited with Central Bank. Now it is also safeguarded by Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islamic Iran.

This collection involved great Jewels that named: