In
these houses, courtyard is the core and center of house; in all those
houses, there is a central yard. Though might not be geometrically a
real center, but for living and activity and connecting various parts
together, visual application and other matters, it is a center of
house. The entirety of house has a close connection with central yard.
The
most important spaces are built and designed around yard, which has a
regular complete feature, though site of the house may have no
distinguished geometric shape.
Central
yard is symmetrical, with a main axis; the other axis is vertically
over it. The main aspects of the house stand inside and around central
yard. Yard is rectangular and square shape and principal spaces place
over symmetrical axis of yard; usually entrance corridor reaches the
corner of central yard and yard, owing to various reasons, such as
terracing and using soil of the yard, to make mud brick, and due to
climatic problems is placed at a few steps lower than street level.
In
yard making of ancient houses, there was a pool and a little garden as
the most prominent factor of construction. Those extra places were
designed to validate main spaces of building and the main appearance
for stressing on the space and special axis.
Orientation
of yard was set in a way, that all through the year provided hygienic
desirable surrounding and benefited turning sun and sunshine for
subordinate rooms. When orientation was not adequate against sand
storm or placement of mountain or blowing wind, middle yard was tending
to South West. This orientation is result of geometrical design of rectangular
embedded in regular six angle.
In
Northern section of middle yard, there are parasol places usable all
through the year, which stand mostly in the winter section of
building, while in shadowy Southern part stand summer residences.
In
East, looking toward hot sunshine of West, are unimportant places like
storage and hayracks. Those spaces are lit by ceiling and scarcely
have opening or door to middle yard. Eastern part, due to
unpleasantness, as much as it prevents no desirable angle to
orientation of middle yard, is appropriated to proportional removal
and non-squaring of the land.
Foregoing
division are according to priorities, otherwise dimensions and
directions of middle yard, pool and little garden, parasol elements
and shade factors, ventilator organs, choosing and application of
adequate materials and other measures, make all parts serviceable in
all four seasons, expect for Eastern quarters in summer.
Size
of yard in houses, with great, small and semi admeasure, was different
and feature of yard in those houses were obtained from golden
proportion.
In
introvert houses, with due attention to various operations, we have
various types of yard :
1-
Outer Yard
2-
Cortile
3-
Little Garden pit
4-
Stable Yard
5-
Kitchen Yard
6-
Patio or Backyard
7-
Narenjestan Yard
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