One
of the most important composing elements of caravansary, specially in
desert and salt desert, is central yard. Its feature and size depends
directly on choosing a module for construction of its surrounding
rooms and exterior dimensions of caravansary.
Its
spaces varies according to emergency and application of other building
elements such as storage, yarn or other public spaces, while its
exterior dimensions are invariable and pre-arranged.
Interior
perspective of central yard in classic caravansary is symmetrical rhythm
of rooms and pavilions in relation to four or two verandas in four
sides of yard. In fact, this symmetry places against two cardinal
axes. For corners of yard, occasionally have access to spaces in bulk side
of rooms. In every plan this relation is considered in desired way,
but in general, always, architecture of corners has created problems.
In emergency, considering position of building and dimensions of yard
a platform of 1 to 1.5 m. height was built in the center of yard. This
platform might be used as a space for storing water, but above
platform is mostly used as a wharf, because of its form. In some caravansary,
this platform was used as bed compound for night sleep.
Setting
various spaces of caravansary around a center, yard, as integral part
of caravansary architecture appears with due attention to the fact
that this place is usually used for a temporary dwelling (contrary to
house) value of all fronts around yard, is nearly equal.
In
architecture of caravansary, like architecture of schools, static
elements, having stable feature stand on lateral ribs of rectangular
or square yards. Those elements are the same chambers and rooms for
dwelling, and elements having various geometric figure, usually stand
on corners and rib centers.
Entrance
in many caravanserais consists of three parts: Main entrance, Central
vestibule and veranda overlooking at yard. Main entrance is usually a
high gate embracing heavy entrance door. Central vestibule, is the
connecting place of cortile and exterior part of building; it may be
called "central nucleus", embracing service room and
staircase. Entrance veranda, in contrary to lateral verandas, is a
part of yard
Verandas
in caravansary accept various activities: Space of reunion for
residents, summer dormitory, temporary storage or warehouse, landing
place, private veranda for adjacent room, entrance to chambers, etc.
It may have all or part of those applications. This specialty of
multilateral utility, makes it outstanding from other spaces.
In
architecture of caravanserais, in corners of yard, geometry and
architecture have reciprocal influence to each other. In those
corners, in addition to the two vertical axes, a new axis is appeared,
which is bisector of those two axes. This new axis creates a new
constructive solution, which is much more deliberate from other parts
of building. Therefore, from the point of view of constructive
solution, those parts are the most variable parts of architecture and
every architect has an answer of himself.
The
most static part of those buildings are residential rooms and
chambers, which are repeated without basic alteration.
Architecture
of caravansary consists of two layers. Outer layer appropriated to
stables and storages, while in school, there is no such a layer.
If
we take yard architecture based on layer by layer, by varying,
increasing or decreasing layers, we could distinguish various types of
buildings.
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