Influence
of various architectural spaces as an effective factor in featuring a
building was not uniform. For example, influence of climatic-geometric
factor at foundation of residence building, were much more than other
factors; therefore, various fronts of house never had a unique
application, design or space, but each one in accordance to their
position in North, South, East or West, in each region, had special
design. While, in public buildings and religious constructions,
climatic factor had little effect in designing and architecture; for
example, in religious schools, Caravanserais, chambers were built in
all four fronts of yard and usually designed and erected with similar
conditions to benefit maximum spaces around yard.
Among
all architecture spaces, mosques, specially congregational mosques, in
big cities underwent less influence of climatic conditions, but mostly
under worshipping conditions and general principles of architecture;
for example, build the place toward direction of "Kiblah" or
setting main Shabestan on the front of Kiblah, is a principal, which
was considered in all mosques.
Modality
of featuring mosques
1-
Mosques with one single Shabestan
First mosques had only one Shabestan, built on Kiblah front, with an
open surrounded space afore, for gathering and passage.
2-
Mosques with two Shabestan
In those mosques, Shabestans were built on two fronts. Kiblah-looking
Shabestan was bigger.
3-Mosques
with central yard
In continuation of designing mosques and expansion of covered spaces,
at least about 11th century A.D., central yard was utilized as a
designed element. Mosque of Koufeh, demolished in 661 A.D. due to an
accident, was rebuilt with
central yard. In this mosque, main Shabestan was set on Kiblah front
and in each three fronts, a Shabestan with the depth of two orifices
were built, while Kiblah was ignored in entrance doorways from the
wall.
Since
mosque stands overlooking toward Kiblah, as a rule and dome of the
house must be erected on the same front, therefore, in mosques of
Iran, a special regard was given to that front, e.g., out of four
Eyvans (verandas) built around the yard. Kiblah looking Eyvan is
different than other Eyvans, owing to its special application.
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